| Deserted and Widow women |
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Objective of the Study: The present study is undertaken with the following principal objectives – 1. To study socio historical prospective of deserted & widowed women Methodology of the study: Social scientist in India has remained indifferent we choose to view desertion & single hood as part of the patriarchal context & not as a problem that is exclusive to a category of women’s the single women who have been deserted by their husband have been widowed consequently no theoretical Framer work has been developed for empirical verification suitable for Indian conditions under these circumstance & descriptive designs of research Sampling design The present study has been conducted in the urban area of Amravati city (Maharashtra) A random sample of 500 families is drawn from the universes at the rate Of 240 widowed & 260 deserted women the families from urban semi-urban & slum area. On purposive random sample basis this giving proper representation to family’s Belongings belonging to different socio economic groups & religion FINDINGS & CONCLUSION:- 1. It was found that, out of 500 sample 240 (48%) were widowed women and260 (52%) were deserted women. The percentage of the deserted women were taken maximum than widowed women 2. Next finding was that out of total 500 sample there are 240 (48%) are widows wome where as 2.60 (52%) are the deserted women. Out of 240 widows women 38 (15.83%) are live in urban area, 42 (17.50%) are in semi-urban & 160 (66.66%) are live in slum area. Out of 260 (52%) deserted women 12 (4.60%) are belong to urban area, 74 (28.46%) are in semi-urban area & 174 (67%) are in slum area. 3. It was also found that, out of 240 widowed women 25 (10.41%) women are in between the age of 18 to 25,70(29.16) are in the 26 to 35, 60 (25%) are in the 36 to 45 & 85 (35.41%) women are above the 45 age. Out of the deserted women 50 (19.23%) are in between the age of 18 to 25, 110 (42.30%) are 26 to 35, 90 (34.61%) are in 35 to 45 & 10 (3.84%) women are above the 45 age. 4. Further finding was that, out of the widowed women 50 (20.83%) women are illiterate. 190 (79.17%) widowed women are literate. Whereas out of deserted women 20 (7.69%) women are illiterate. & 240 (92.31%) are literate. 5. Out of the widowed women 70 (36.84%) women take their education honestly. 100 (52.63%) women get secondary education where as the proportion of the women in higher secondary education is (5.26%) there are also 10 (5.20%) of women are undergraduate out of deserted women the percentage of primary educated women is 70 (29.10), secondary educated is 40 ( 16.16%) out of deserted women the percentage of women who become graduate is 20 ( 8.337) & post graduate is 30 (12.5%) 6. Out of the widows women 190 [79.16%] women has available type of profession while 10 [4.16%] widows has permanent type of occupation. And at the same proportion women are house wife.30 [12.5] widows women are pensioner and they will not do any other occupation. Out of the deserted women 190 [73.07%] women has seasonable type of the occupation whereas the 20 [7.69%] were has the permanent occupation and so [19.23%] were house wife. 7. Out of the widowed women 130(54.16%) have available employment or they do whereas there is no employment for 110(45.83%) women. Out of deserted 210(80.76%) women has employment whereas 50(19.23%) have no employment. 8. Out of the widowed women 10(7.7%) have private type of occupation, and in same proportion have their own occupation while 110(84.6%) are depend on the wage. 10(4.76%) women out of deserted women have the government job. While 10(4.76%)have semi-government job. 30(14.28%)out of deserted women are do the private job ,20(9.25%) have business and maximum women are depend on wages ie.140(66.66) 9. Out of widowed women 160(69.56%) have the monthly income less than 2000 Rs/, 50(21.73%) women have 2100 to 5000 Rs/ , 20(8.69%) women have 5 to 10000Rs/. Whereas out of deserted women 170(80.95%) have the monthly income 2000 Rs/, 22(10.47%) have the monthly income in between 2100-5000, 8(3.8%)women have the monthly income in between 5000-10000, 10(4.76%) have more than 10000 Rs/.10. 10. Out of widowed women 15(6.25%) women are belong to open class, 60(25%)are OBC,100(41.66%) are SC,20(8.30%)are ST,20(8.30%)are NT and 25(10.41% ) are belong to MUSLIM. While out of deserted women 10(3.84%) are belong to open class ,55(21.15%) are OBC, 130(50%)are SC,15(5.76%) are ST,10(3.81%)are NT and 40(15.33) are belong to MUSLIM category. 11. Out of widowed women 200 (83.3) were belong to or live in nuclear family while 40(16.7%) were belong to joint family. Whereas out of deserted women 140(53.84%) were live in nuclear family and 120(46.16%) were live in joint family. 12. Out of the widowed women 30(12.5%) women live with family whose annual income is 5 to 10 thousand. 60(25%) women family income is 11 to 20 thousand. Also there some percentage of family whose annual income is 21 to 30 thousand and 31 to 50 thousand the annual income of the family of widowed women with 5 thousand to 1 lack has percentage 20(8.33%) and 10(4.16%) family has the annual income more than 1 lack. 13. Out of widowed women 15(6.25%)women become widowed only in 1 to 5 years after marriage, 20(8.33%) were become widowed in 6 to 10 years after marriage, 50(33.33%) were become in 11 to 20 years, 75(21.25%) were in 21 to 30 years and 50(20.83%) women were become widowed in more than 30 years. 14. Out of deserted women 30(11.5%) were government servant,20(7.6%) were semigovernment servant and 50(19.27%) were work in private sector, while 25(9.7%) women have their own occupation and 105(40.3%) were working for wages. While 30(11.53%) women have no any occupation on any employment. 15. 10(3.84%) women out of deserted leave their husband due to the relationship with other women of husband while 10(3.84%) women were leave their husband because of their husband addicted to bad things. 30(11.53%) were live separately because of daily physical torture by her husband and his family, while 10(3.84%)women leave their husband because they always take doubt on their character and 10(3.84%) women become separated from their husband only because of not getting son from them. Also 15(5.77%) women become separated from their husband only because not bringing the money from her family.30(11.53%) women leave their husband because of no occupation done by their husband.15(5.77%) were leave due to hidden matter related to physical , economical and mental situation to them. Also by doing the marriage of women without their permission 10(3.84%) were unable tolive with her husband so either they leave their husband or their husband leave them.40(15.38%) women were separated only because of the addiction of their husband to bad things and making the doubt on their character by their husband.20(7.69%) women become deserted only because their husband have no hope to live with them. Due to so many misunderstanding and other differences in thinking 20(11.53%) women were leave by their husband. 10(3.84%) women have to leave their husband because of their husband and his family were try to do bad things with them. 10(3.84%) women have son but most of them have girls only due to this reason also they become separated from their husband and become deserted while 20(7.69%) women become deserted only because of the interrelation of their husband with other women. 16. Out of total deserted women 160 (61.5%) women becomes deserted from 1 to 5 year, 50 (19.2) women from 6 to 2 years 20 (7.6%) from 11 to 15 year, 20 (7.6) from 16 to 20 year and 10 (3.84%) women become deserted from more than 21 years. 17. Out of widowed women 60(25%)women is husband were death before 1to5 year , 110(45.83)become widowed before 6 to 10 year , 20(8.33%)before 11to15, 30(12.50%)form 16to20 where as 20(8.33%)become widowed in more than 21 years. 18. 30(12.5%) of women out of the total widowed become widowed only because the natural death of their husband,30(12.5%)were due to the suicide. 40(16.16%) because of the accidental death,95(39.58%)because of the natural illness(cancer, heart attack) whereas 45(18.75)become widowed due to death of their husband because of the alcoholism. 19. Out of the widowed 155(64.5%) women were lived separately,40(16.6%)were lived with their mother-father,15(6.25%)with their brother and sister, 30(12.5%)were lived in their marital home whereas out of deserted women 80(30.76%)were lived separately,180((69.23%)were live with their parents. 20. Out of widowed women 20(8.3%) were feel that their life is unhappy,25(10.4%)women have continuous tension of future 15(6.25%) were feels loneliness ,15(6.25%)feels unsecure , 80(33.3%)feel unhappy, loneliness , unsecure and traceful.15(6.25%) women feels that their life is secure , 30(12.55) feel unhappy and trace full ,20(8.3%)were feel that loneliness and unsecure,10(4.1%) feel trace full and loneliness, whereas 10(4.1%)feel continuous trace and unsecure. Out of deserted women 15(5.7%) women feel that their life is unhappy, 10(3.84%) feel loneliness and trace full,10(3.84%)lonely , 10(3.84%)feel unsecure life ,120(46%)feel unhappy ,trace full, lonely and unsecure.30(11.53%)women feel that they have secure life,10(3.84%)coetaneous trace full and unhappy whereas 20(7.7%)feel loneliness and unsecure,10(3.84%)women feel continuous trace full and lonely and 25(9.6%)feel continuous trace and unsecure 21. Out of widowed women 100(41.6%) women get behavior as same as before, after become widowed,60(25%)get symphaty,40(16.6%)were neglected by family,10(4.16%)were assume as responsibility import on them,10(4.16%)get encouregeble treatment by family. 20(8.33%)women were neglected by family because they assume that they were the responsibility imported on them. Out of deserted women 80(30.7%)women get sympathy by family ,20(7.7%)family give same treatment, 40(15.38%)women were neglected by family,30(11.53%)women assume as a responsibility imported on them,30(11.53%)get encouragable treatment while 60(23.1%)women neglected because family assume them as a responsibility imported on them. 22. Out of widowed women 200(83.3%) women go for job or occupation ,out them 50(20.8%)widowed women get behavior as same as normal women on their work filed , 60(25%)get insensitive full, 8(3.3%)get as like a guilty, 12(5%)feel unsecure, 20(8.3%)get Insulting, 15(6.3%)get as like a guilty, insulting and unsecure. Where as out of deserted 210(80.76%)have job and out of them 40(15.35%)women get treatment as same as normal women on their job, 65(25%)get insensitive full, 15(5.7%)get like a guilty, 25(9.6%)feel unsecure,10(3.8%)get dishonour treatment,30(11.5%)get as like as guilty and dishonor so they feel unsecure where as 25(9.6%)get as a guilty or unsecure treatment. 23. Out of total widowed 160(66.6%)women take their own decision themselves . 80(33.3%)women take sometime . out of deserted 90(34.61%)women take own decision themselves where as130(50%)take sometime and 40(15.38%)women never take decision themselves. 24. Out of widowed 210(87.5%)women have children, 30(12.5%)have no child . out of 25. Out of widowed women 160(77%)women children live with them, 50(23%)live separately, out of children of deserted women 170(85%)were lived with them mother ,30(15%)lived separately. 26. (12.5%)husband give financial help to their children for their future life whom were lived with their mother out of deserted women. Whereas 175(87.5%)women do not get any help for the kind of their children future. 27. Out of the deserted women 220(84.6%)were agree with that their relatives or family tries to solve their problem between them and their husband whereas 40(15.45%)were disagree. 28. Out of the deserted women 60(23%) were agree with the judicial procedure by which they become together whereas 200(77%) were disagree with this. 29. Most of the women don’t want to do second marriage out of deserted women but 210(87.5%) women never want to do second marriage whereas 30(12.5%) were not conform to tell either they want or not to do second marriage. While out of deserted women 50(19.23%)were think to do second marriage , 130(50%) were never think,80(30.76%)were not conform to tell for second marriage. 30. Out of widowed 50(20.8%)women family were wish to do second marriage, 180(75%) disagree while 10(4.2%)were not conform to told. Whereas out of deserted30(11.5%)women family were agree for their second marriage , 190(74.1%) were disagree and 40(15.41%)were not conform to told 31. Out of the widowed 90(37.5%) women were well known about the facilities for widowed given by the government scheme,150(62.5%)were unknown , whereas out of deserted 10(3.84%)women were well known about the facilities for deserted given by the government scheme while 250(96.16%) were unknown 32. Out of deserted 30(11.53%)women get alimony while 230(88.5%) not. 33. Out of widowed 80(33.3%)women thinks that their income is sufficient for them for their basic needs , 150(62.5%) were think insufficient whereas 10(4.2%) were not conform that the income is sufficient or not. Out of deserted 40(15.38%)women think their income is sufficient for their daily needs , 200(77%) were think insufficient while 20(7.7%)were not conform that the income is sufficient or not. 34. Out of the widowed 80(33.3%) women were taken loan maximum time, 110(45.8%) 35. Out of widowed 80(38%) women take loan from their relative, 40(19%) from “BACHATGAT”, 40(19%) from neighbors, 10(4.8%) from bank,20(10.5%) from relative and neighbors . Out of deserted 100(47.6%) women take loan from relative ,30(14.2 %) from “BACHATGAT”, 100(47.6%) from neighbors, 30(14.28%) from bank,40(15.5%) from relative and neighbors . 36. Out of the widowed 30(15.78%) take loan for their children marriage ,35(18.42%) for education ,45(23.6%)for fulfilling daily needs of their children, 25(13.15%) for illness,15(7.9%) for auspicious ceremony whereas 15(7.9%)for all of this and 25(13.15%) for the kind of personal expenditure. Out of the deserted 15(7.14%) take loan for their children marriage , 15(7.14%) for education ,60(28.6%)for fulfilling daily needs of their children, 20(9.5%) for illness,20(9.5%) for auspicious ceremony whereas 20(9.5%)for all of this and 60(28.6%) for the kind of personal expenditure. 37. Out of widowed 90(37.5%) women get share in property whereas 150(62.5%) will not get, while out of deserted only 20(7.69%) get share in property whereas 240(92.30%) will not get. 38. Those women whom get a share in the property out of them 70(77.7%) were get 39. Out of widowed 30(12.5%)women thinks that they were avoided during getting a share into the property 210(87.5%) were feel not such. Out of deserted 30(11.5%) women thinks that they were avoided while 230(84.4%) will not feel so. 40. Out of widowed 60(25%) women have their own property while 180(75%) have not. While out of deserted 50(19.23%) women have their own property whereas 210(80.76%) have not any kind of property belong to them. 41. Those widowed having the property out of them 10(16.6%)women get a farm as property ,20(33.4%) get home,20(33.3%) get jewelries. Also 10(16.6%)were get jewelries as well as home as property. Those deserted women whom have property out of them 5(10%) get farm as property,25(50%) get home,20(40%)get jewelries . 42. Out of widowed 160(66.6%) women were give priority for saving, 80(33.4%) were do not do any kind of saving , where as out of deserted 120(46.25%) were give priority for saving while 140(53.8%) were not. 43. Out of widowed 210(87.5%) women were think that government must have to do something for the kind of their progress. Whereas 30(12.25%)were do not thinks as so. While out of deserted women 210(80.76%)were think that government should do something for the kind of their progress while 50(19.24%)were not thinks so . 44. Out of widowed 170(70.83%) women make the expectation from society while 70(29.16%) have no any expectation from society. Out of deserted 190(735) women have the expectation from the society while 70(27%) have no any expectation. 45. Out of widowed those women make the expectation from the government out of them 25(11.9%) women expect that the government should implement the “government scheme related to them properly so that they will take the advantage of that scheme and make a economical change in their life. 60(28.6%) women thinks that government must increase the rate of wage because due to increase in the cost of the basic needs the wages earned by them is too low and so they have to make so many compromises in their day-to-day life.25(11.9%) women were think that government have to convert the seasonable types of employment into RECOMMENDATIONS:- Employments 1. Reservation of 2% jobs in all services & parts for widowed in all govt. Departments & undertakings. 2. Appointments of widowed belonging to the weaker sections on jobs like water women ayah, peon care taker etc. on preferential basis especially in hospital & institutions run by the dept. of social welfare. 3. Relaxation of the presented minimum qualification & experience for appointment to various pasts. 4. Providing suitable jobs to the widowed in the dept./organization in which their decreased their deceased husbands had been employed. Self employments 5. Allotment of shops or business premises for widowed desirous of starting same business on preferential 6. Providing raw materials to the widowed on easy terms & can concessional rate . 7. Settling up of co-operative society’s foe production sate of the products. 8. Provision of loans to the widowed on rates go ingest Education 9. Organizing condensed courses for widowed preparing for metric or higher secondary examination Training 11. Establishment of vocational training centre for the benefit of widowed in rural areas. 13. Diversification of the vocational courses for the widows so that they can earn their livelihood. 14. Helping widows in getting training in profession like nursing, teaching , telephone 15. Reservation of 2% seats in various professional institution. Health 16. Provision for free diagnostics and treatment facilities to the widows at the C.G.H.S dispensaries 17. Provision for free medical facilities to the poor widows at government hospitals and Accommodation 18. Reservation of 2% DDA flats for allotment to widows on easy terms. 19. Legal protection against eviction by land lord in case of widows living in rented Financial Assistance 20. Grant of lump some to widows for incurring expenditure on the marriage of daughters. 21. For the sustenance of the self and dependence in the shape of regular monthly pension Day care centre 22. Providing day care services for widows children on nominal charges Counselling and guidance services 23. Provision for counselling services by trained social worker to the widows having emotional and personal problems 24. Provision for guidance services by trained social worker to the widows seeking help 25. Provision for advice and help to young widows seeking remarriage. FOR CHILDREN:- Employment 26. Relaxation of the prescribe minimum qualification and experience for appointment to 27. Providing suitable job to the children of widows in the organization in which their late 28. Selection of widows, children as apprentices under the apprenticeship Act on preferential basis with a view to their absorption on suitable job. 29. Reservation of 2% job in all services and posts for widows children in government Self employment 30. Provision of loans to the widows children on concessional rates of interest for starting 31. Providing raw material to the widows children on easy terms 32. Allotment of shops or business premises to widows children desirous of starting their Education 34. Providing free education to the widows children. 35. Providing children educational allowance to the widows for meeting expenditure on Training 36. Reservation of 2% seats for widows children in all technical and vocational institutions. 37. Provision of scholarship, free-ship etc. to all the widows children studying in technical vocational institutions. Health 38. Free medical facilities to the children of widows at government hospital and dispensaries. |
